Emerging Technologies for Digital Infrastructure Development

This work investigates the various types and aspects of the determinants that cause impulse purchase behaviour within the context of e-commerce websites. It delves into finding the factors that trigger impulse purchase behaviour for consumers of both male and female gender within the age brackets of earning potential. The findings of this review highlight the factors that need to be in place before a purchase behaviour from a consumer can be observed. These determinants above of impulse purchase behaviour can generally be categorised into internal and external components, which are analysed in this work. 

Indonesian Credit Rating Agency (CRA) is currently on its way to becoming the early mover of digital transformation. CRA controls macroeconomics and has a significant impact on many industries across the world. However, there are always those that can exploit it through asymmetric information and human interaction. A solution to reduce human interaction and enhancement is to build Natural Language Processing (NLP) sentiment analysis models and then display the results using an interactive dashboard story. Objectives are created for the aim of the project to be able to conduct a feasibility study, develop a model based on a press release dataset, conduct model evaluation, and display the results on an interactive dashboard. The research aims to utilise press release documents with NLP sentiment analysis to produce prescriptive analysis with interactive visualisation as the final output. Press release files are processed by using several Machine Learning (ML) algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MultinomialNB), Logistic Regression (LR), and Multi-Layer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-Ann). This research will be carried out under Dynamic Systems Development (DSDM) and Knowledge Discovery Database (KDD). This will allow the researchers to achieve all objectives, permit models to perform very well, and let the output get displayed on a dashboard as a storyboard. 

Inventory management is vital in the industry because it allows manufacturers and wholesalers to efficiently store and manage information in the warehouse. Warehouse management provides the facility to control functions such as storing newly shipped products in available locations and tracking inventory information and product distribution for shipping. These complex processes in the warehouse management system require manufacturers and wholesalers to ensure that the warehouse operation is running smoothly and efficiently. The use of the Internet of Things (IoT) for automating industrial and household processes has been increasing rapidly in the last few years. This research focuses on IoT for tracking and monitoring inventory, providing an automated and efficient system for manufacturers and wholesalers. A comprehensive discussion has been conducted on IoT application layers and recommended sensors for inventory tracking and monitoring systems. This research also emphasizes applying IoT in inventory, logistics, and warehousing operations. Researchers have proposed an IoT-based system specifically designed to cater to the shortcomings of the existing inventory management systems. 

With the rapid technological change, most people are living an unhealthy lifestyle and consuming processed food. Additionally, most people spend time on their mobile phones instead of working on other activities such as exercise. Beginners should have at least 2 to 3 days of working out per week, and the intermediate should have 3 to 4 days of strength training. A set of stretching exercises is required after each workout. Approximately 3.9 million people aged 18 and above are diagnosed with diabetes in Malaysia. This means that 1 in 5 adults will be diagnosed with diabetes. The prevalence rate has increased from 13.4% in 2015 to 18.3% in 2019. Some of the main factors that can cause a person to acquire diabetes are obesity and consuming excessive amounts of food with high sugar levels. The two types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes results in the body not producing insulin, whereas type 2 diabetes causes the body to not respond to insulin even though it produces insulin.

E-hailing and taxi services play a vital role in the transportation industry. It inadvertently also provides opportunities for malicious hackers to hack into e-hailing applications to gain private user information. With the increase in data breaches, there is a need for an encryption technique to increase the security level and assure the safety of users’ data. This study proposed SafeCar, a secure e-hailing application using the RSA algorithm. SafeCar is developed using ASP.NET language. Testing has been done to evaluate the security, input validation, and user satisfaction. The testing results showed that 50% had a very good security level, another 50% with a good security level, 100% user satisfaction, and 67% had very good input validation, with another 33% resulting in good input validation. 

The gap in the use of the Internet and computers in society is classified as the level-two digital divide. Research papers from 61 popular journals published between 2005 to 2018 were examined to carry out a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). In addition, renowned organisations’ research publications from 2010 to 2018 were used. The adoption of technology, the type of use, the frequency of use, and the effectiveness of use were the main areas of level-two Digital Divide research. This use is further affected by the accessibility determinants of Affordability, Gender, Age, Education Level, Race, and Digital Skills. None of the research used the accessibility determinants as a moderator between availability and use. 

In this paper, the authors proposed the design of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that can be used in the healthcare sector to increase cybersecurity. This sector is facing high cyber threats. Similar IDS systems will be reviewed in the following pages, followed by the justifications of why the authors decided to design the IDS to be Signature-based. The experimental results showed that the developed IDS could successfully capture the network traffic, record the logs and show an informative alarm screen with a few other options within the dashboard to assist the user in handling the situation and assure the hospital network security. 

Cybersecurity is a critical component of technology and must be considered during the early stages of the development of any system. Cyber security issues and challenges faced by IIoT are discussed in this paper. The first section of this paper focuses on Industrial Control System (ICS) environments where IIoT are deployed to understand the nature of business and technology companies with IIoT networks, followed by a comparison to understand the difference between Operational Technology (OT) and Information Technology (IT) networks and how both can be used to serve the need of business requirements. This paper evaluates the state of cyber security in industrial networks and IIoT and the safety and privacy concerns found in the literature. Solutions and improvement techniques introduced to cyber security functions mainly focus on prevention, detection, and response. Moreover, IoT organisational and operational security and cyber threat intelligence are also discussed. Finally, an approach is presented on how to conduct a security assessment on IIoT environments safely. 

Online privacy is an Internet user’s control of how much personal information is shared with a third party. Unfortunately, some third parties, such as data brokers, collect user data without permission to resell the data to other parties. Browser tracking allows each Internet user to be uniquely identified, and in-depth user profiles are built. Browser fingerprinting is one of the most effective methods of browser tracking. It uniquely identifies each user through their devices’ configuration, even for users using the same device models. Using Virtual Private Networks, the Tor browser and specific browser extensions as a countermeasure against browser fingerprinting are not widespread, so it often results in a compromised user experience. Researchers have proposed various classification machine learning approaches to improve browser privacy; some focus on recognising and blocking advertisements and website scripts that track users. In contrast, others identify potential vulnerabilities in browser security configurations. There is a need for more research in machine learning, especially natural language processing, to enhance browser privacy.

Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attack is a typical eavesdropping cyberattack. The attacker can launch a MITM attack whenever the attacker and victims are on the same network. Here is a scenario: A MITM attacker connects to Subway’s Wi-Fi and waits for the victim to connect to the Subway Wi-Fi. Eventually, Victim A walks in and connects to Subway’s Wi-Fi. Once Victim A gets connected and is on the same network as the attacker, the attacker can launch an attack to intercept the network traffic of Victim A. Therefore, everyone on the same network connection with the attacker can be the target of a MITM attack. In this paper, the MITM attack will be introduced. The attacker can spy on the victim, steal sensitive credentials, disrupt communications, or even corrupt the data through the said attack. To discover how the MITM attack works, this paper explains it based on the ARP Spoofing attack, which exploits the ARP protocol to send out forged ARP responses. ARP Spoofing attack is one of the MITM attacks. This paper emphasises the MITM attack phases, different types of MITM attacks, ARP Spoofing attacks, and how ARP works. The demonstration of steps for launching an ARP Spoofing attack and the tools involved, like Nmap, Arpspoof, and Wireshark, are also included. 

 As people get older and their bodies weaken, they become more prone to illnesses and injuries. This paper reviews several research papers that discuss implementing a monitoring system that monitors the elderly. This research aims to improve the healthcare and safety of elderly people alone at home by implementing a monitoring system based on IoT technology in Malaysia. This paper also discusses how stratified sampling methods and surveys can help identify elderly peoples’ preferences and improve the monitoring system. The system proposed in this research uses real-time pulse and temperature monitoring, real-time fall detection monitoring, a cloud database, and a mobile application that could help reduce the effort and worry of taking care of the elderly. The findings of this research will help to improve the lives of elderly people that prefer staying in their own homes and will hopefully reduce the effort needed to take care of them. Future system improvements will include blood pressure and respiration rate monitoring, allowing more accurate monitoring of their health.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an evolving technology in the emerging digital transformation domain. The healthcare system is also growing, using IoT to improve human life and save more lives. With the assistance of IoT technology, physicians can easily monitor patients’ health conditions in real-time. A cardiac pacemaker is a medical device connected to the IoT environment to improve the efficiency of healthcare. However, low-quality IoT design will bring disadvantages, such as cyber-attacks. Every process of building IoT medical devices should evaluate the product before launching it to the market. Manufacturers or hospitals should organise their critical infrastructure orderly to protect confidential data. The data should achieve the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the CIA triad, which is the foundation of information security. This paper aims to study the vulnerabilities of IoT medical devices, the methods of possible attacks from hackers, and organisational and operational security to address cyber security in the healthcare industry. Moreover, it proposes a framework for the IoT medical ecosystem between the patient and the hospital to improve the existing IoT medical ecosystem. 

In recent years, mobile technology has become increasingly more available and advanced, especially in education. Mobile learning technology allows individuals to have online distance learning in COVID-19 by transforming traditional Learning from online Learning to mobile Learning. The implementation of mobile Learning in higher education is essential because it allows students and tutors to stay connected and allows students to access online materials for active Learning at any time. Therefore, this research proposes a mobile learning system integrated with active learning practices for Asia Pacific University students in the learning process. This will give students more positive outcomes such as better academic performances and achievements, increased motivation and attention in studies, increased learning satisfaction in students, and training them to be active learners. This research is conducted using the Quantitative method to the selected participations, and the outcome of this research could contribute to the entire education field in promoting active learning practices to improve academic performance and also provide other researchers with an insight into exploring the mobile learning system into higher education.

Dissatisfaction with the services provided causes customer loss and customer churn in airline companies. Analytics conducted in assessing customer satisfaction in airline companies and their analytical methods are reviewed to identify the analysis's strengths, weaknesses, and gaps. Data analytics on assessing customer satisfaction have been conducted on facilities and services provided, price, service quality, reviews of customers, and flight catering. However, this research indicates that only a few in-depth studies consider flight delays as a critical factor influencing customer satisfaction. A flight is considered delayed if it departs or arrives 15 minutes later than the scheduled time. Therefore, in this research, further analytics can be done on the amount of time-of-flight delay in assessing customer satisfaction. 

Academic events are growing in numbers worldwide annually for researchers to discuss their work. The research on recommendation systems in academic domains has high significance for researchers. The classical approach to the recommender system uses content-based and collaborative filtering that tends to produce poor results. The focus of the study is to determine the factors involving the selection of academic events and create a user-based personalised recommender system for academic events. A survey will be conducted to identify the factors affecting the choice of events. The system will filter the results of the events using a matching matrix by conducting a factor analysis and receiving input to find the most relevant academic events from the database. The study's approach evaluates the result based on the pre-processed data and the similarity measures between a similar user (Top-n) and an active user for events with a higher probability of participation. The weighted average of the neighbour’s ratings will be generated for the predictions of the events. The study’s outcome will prove that the personalised recommendation system is better than the classical approach in finding the most relevant events. The recommendation system can be optimised in domains.

Relying on papers to document medical records hinders the United Nations’ goal of creating a more sustainable world for future generations. With the excess usage of paper, the world is contributing towards global warming. Medical staff tends to take a long time to pull out a patient’s medical record when it can be done in a matter of seconds. Being paperless does not immediately mean it is effective or transparent, as medical providers don’t usually share the content of a patient’s medical record with the patient itself, let alone a different medical provider. Another issue is the lack of transparency within the healthcare sector. This research focuses on the need for Malaysia to have an e-Health system, preparation and participation towards the e-Health system, and the security of migrating towards the e-Health system.